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e . 1' / I I I I , " / I I , -..._ ,1 'i,' . I .,.,, • v,/ •• lb=::=C'II A I g e bra Am~ya and her mother go to the nearby market to buy some items. 1. Amaya has a basket of SO cherries. Her mother gives her 30 more cherries. How many cherries does Ananya have in total? .........•••••••• 2. She buys five chocolates. She will give two chocolates to her friends. How many chocolates will be left with her? ................• 3. Her mother buys 5 pens each costing f I S. The total cost of 5 pens is ................. . 4· Amaya buys 130 sheets of paper for her brother's project. Her brother has to make 5 books with 13 0 sheets. How many sheets of paper will each book have? I wonder, why are we using letters instead of numbers in maths now. In this chapter, you will learn about: • Variables and constants Variables in rules • Algebraic expressions ' • Using expressio:q.s practically Yeah, it is like a secret code to find out the missing numbers. Let us learn about it. 

. ! ~I~ .. ~ ••• ~, ~ .'/~~ ~~ .· · S Chapter Review • 1111111111111111111111111111 111111111111111111 111111111111111111111111111111111111111111 • FLUENCY MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS b in algebra are called .... , ................ . 1. Letters used along with nu1u ers . c. letters . bl b. variant a. var1a es have a fixed nmnerical value. 2• ................... • • b. Literals a. Variables 3. 5 times x can be written as: b. 5 + x a. X 4. Name the property: (ax b) x c = a x (b X c). a. Commutative property c. Additive i
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e . 1' / I I I I , " / I I , -..._ ,1 'i,' . I .,.,, • v,/ •• lb=::=C'II A I g e bra Am~ya and her mother go to the nearby market to buy some items. 1. Amaya has a basket of SO cherries. Her mother gives her 30 more cherries. How many cherries does Ananya have in total? .........•••••••• 2. She buys five chocolates. She will give two chocolates to her friends. How many chocolates will be left with her? ................• 3. Her mother buys 5 pens each costing f I S. The total cost of 5 pens is ................. . 4· Amaya buys 130 sheets of paper for her brother's project. Her brother has to make 5 books with 13 0 sheets. How many sheets of paper will each book have? I wonder, why are we using letters instead of numbers in maths now. In this chapter, you will learn about: • Variables and constants Variables in rules • Algebraic expressions ' • Using expressio:q.s practically Yeah, it is like a secret code to find out the missing numbers. Let us learn about it. 

. ! ~I~ .. ~ ••• ~, ~ .'/~~ ~~ .· · S Chapter Review • 1111111111111111111111111111 111111111111111111 111111111111111111111111111111111111111111 • FLUENCY MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS b in algebra are called .... , ................ . 1. Letters used along with nu1u ers . c. letters . bl b. variant a. var1a es have a fixed nmnerical value. 2• ................... • • b. Literals a. Variables 3. 5 times x can be written as: b. 5 + x a. X 4. Name the property: (ax b) x c = a x (b X c). a. Commutative property c. Additive identity c. Literal numbers c. 5x b. Distributive property d. Associative property d. numerals d. Constants d. 5 + x S. 10 added to a number can be written as ..................... c 1 0 + x d. 1 0 a. 10-x b. IOx • ',. . . . 'd of the square is a is given by. 6. The general rule to find the perimeter of a square if one si e d. 4 + a a. 3a b. 2a c. 4a . el . . eadth of the rectangle are 1 and b, respectIVi y JS: 7. The general rule to find the perimeter of a rectangle if length and hr d (J + b) a. 4(1 + b) b. 2 (1 + b) c. 3 (1 + b) • 8. The algebraic expression for 8 subtracted from the product of x and Y is: a. xy -8 b. xy + B c. x + y -8 d. 8 -xy 9. If each box contains I 00 toffees, the number of toffees required to fill n such boxes is: 00 d 100-n a. I00+n b. 100n c. 1 -:-n • 10. If x = 5, then x -3 + 2 is .................... . a. 4 ~ 0 c. 2 d. I SUBJECTIVE QUESTIONS PROBLEM-SOLVING 1. Find the value of the algebraic equation: 20y + 30x -10 for x = 4 and y = 3. 2. Savitha is half the age of her mother. Find the age of both after I 0 years. 3. Write the algebraic statement for 10 -2x. 4. If the perimeter of a regular heptagon is x m, then write the general rule for the length of each side. 5. Convert these expressions into statements in ordinary language: Cost of I kg oranges is ~ x. Cost of t kg apples is f Sx. 6. 14 is subtracted from twice a number. Write the algebraic expression and find the value of the expression by taking the number to be 8. · 7. Express 'x exceeds y' in algebraic form. # 8. Express the number of days in y years. 9. Using any variable, write the algebraic expression for two consecutive odd integers. ~ 10. Using any variable, write the algebraic expression for two consecutive even integers. e /~>~~-!.~~~$~~·:, t •~\;, r • ' , • ) ~~ -r • • \, •• ~ ' ? f> t • / r.,. ri . . -~ \ J . .. r 1·· ..... ; ,. •• •.\, ·I:. ••• 

•••••••••• •••••••••• •••••••••• 1111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111 . tJI II II It 11111111111111 ' 111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111, )LI I/[).. 1 'J /.. 11. Anil's 1nonthly salary is ·s· rup p· REASONING [ ~~L--~---ees. ind his salary in one year. 12. Rahul's weight is 30 kg. His weight i·n b creases y x kg . every year. What will be his weight after 5 years? 13. x students plan a one-day tour ~ 1 5 0 . . d t1 • 1s collected fr h d . fare. Fin 1e n1oney left with x students. om eac Stu ent, out of which,~ 1500 is paid in advance as bus t 4-. Justify each of the following situatio . commutative property of multiplicat:nus~~g ~ne ?f the rules from arithmetic: commutative property of addition, a Lohitha and Bavya are tw . ' 1stnbuuve property of multiplication over addition. • o sisters. On Monday Loh. th b h 3 ak evening snacks. Next day, Lohitha bou ht 6 c ' i a oug t cupc es and Bavya bought 6 cupcakes as total number of cupcakes the b h g upcakes and Bavya bought 3 cupcakes as evening snacks. Find out the . Y oug t on each day and identify the rule being justified. b. Two friends order breakfast from a ft d each. Write an expression usin di ~o ~o_urt. They 0rder a combo pack of 2 sandwiches and a glass of juice g stnbutivity of numbers for the total quantity of food they purchased. c. Rema and Seema are friends Rema h 3 b · 8 b h. h h 3 • as oxes with her and each box carries 8 apples. Seema has a total of 01_xeds w flied thave apples each. Calculate how many apples each has in total and identify the arithmetic rule app 1e to m is. ANALYSIS & CREATING 15. Frame 5 situations and write algebraic expressions to express them. 16. Draw any regular polygon and find the general rule for calculating its perimeter. 17. Complete the table by taking S different values for x. -I 18. Look at the following matchstick pattern of the letter E. \ \ a. Observe the patterns and find the rule that gives the total number of matchsticks. \ \ b. If we remove a horizontal stick from the middle, what is the pattern obtained? Find a rule for the new pattern. \ \ 19• For a 1 -triangle path, you need three matchsticks. For a 2-triangle path, you could add 2 more matchsticks attached to the single triangle. In a similar manner, by attaching two more matchsticks to the 2-triangle path, you could create a beautiful 3-triangle path. a. If you continue this sa1ne pattern of forn1ing triangle paths, how many extra matchsticks ,vould be needed to make a 6-trianglc path? b d c • 8 triangle path 7 • In the san1e way, how 1nany matchsticks would be require ,or arranging an -• c. Find a rule to obtaln the number of 1natchsticks required to make an n--trlangle pach• . 1 . would be needed for 4 types of such tnangu slI d. If you create a 6-triangle path then how n1any extra matchSlicks 1 t1... · ' · k k • n trlang <! pa ,i..,, paths? Also, flnd a rule to obtain the ntunber of 1natchsuc s to ina c -oA

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